Villain in Disguise: Jupiter's Role in Impacts on Earth

Whilst most famous for his catalog of 110 galaxies, nebulae, clusters and double stars, Charles Messier was a comet-hunter at heart. His catalog was simply a list of nuisances, faint fuzzies that looked like comets but were not. The Frenchman found 13 comets in all between 1760 and 1785, but perhaps the most important of them was the streaking comet that he spotted in June 1770. Fast moving on the sky, it was bright enough at magnitude +2 that it could be clearly seen from well-lit towns and cities. A brief spectacle of wonder for eighteenth century astronomers to enjoy, its ramifications could have been much greater.

The comet has since become known as Lexell's Comet, after the Russian (yet Swedish born) astronomer Anders Johan Lexell who first calculated its orbit. He showed that the comet had made a close approach of just 2.2 million kilometers (0.015 AU), which is about six times the distance to the moon. It was the closest a comet has ever been witnessed to approach the Earth and, in astronomical terms, a very near (and fortunate) miss.

Lexell found that the comet swooped around the sun with an orbital period of just under six years, but its next return in 1776 would see it on the far side of the sun, out of harm's way. Sure enough, no astronomers found it again that year. In 1782 however, when again it was predicted to be visible, the comet was nowhere in sight.

The French mathematician Pierre Simon-Laplace calculated that the comet had experienced a set of encounters with the giant planet Jupiter. The first saw Jupiter's gravity modify the comet's orbit to fling it almost onto a direct collision course with Earth. The second encounter modified the comet's orbit, ejecting it from the solar system altogether and removing it as a potential hazard.

Lexell is now a lost comet and Jupiter is the reason why nobody had ever seen it before 1770, and why no one ever saw it afterwards. In doing so, Jupiter played the role of both Earth's friend and Earth's foe. [Best Close Encounters of the Comet Kind]

The story of Lexell's Comet was pretty much forgotten in the decades and centuries that followed. By the 1960s astronomers looked upon long period comets ? comets that hail from the Oort Cloud at the very edge of our solar system and which take many millennia to orbit the sun ? as the major impact hazard to Earth. A general idea developed, bolstered by computer simulations performed in 1994 by the late George Wetherill of the Carnegie Institution, that dictated how Jupiter acted as Earth's protector, sweeping up or ejecting many of the long period comets from the solar system and removing them from the population of potential impactors (Wetherill's simulations coincided with comet Shoemaker?Levy 9 colliding with Jupiter). This idea has taken hold in established theory yet few have ever really questioned it until now.

Realizing that today we know of many more short period comets and near-Earth asteroids that cross our planet's orbit than long period comets, Jonathan Horner of the University of New South Wales, Sydney and Barrie Jones of the UK's Open University have run new simulations that reveal a very different picture, one that has important consequences for the habitability of Earth and planets in general.

"When George Wetherill did his work back in 1994, the computers available to him were much more limited than what we have today," says Horner, who originally comes from the U.K. "The lack of computing power meant that he had to make some fairly big approximations and simplifications. His was a ground-breaking study but at the same time it was one that was limited by what he had available."

Horner and Jones decided to run the experiment again but this time with twenty-first century computing power, hooking up tens of computers in parallel at the Open University. Their simulations agreed that Jupiter is a factor in protecting Earth from long period comets, but how would it fare with the new populations of short period comets and near Earth asteroids? Described in a series of papers published in the International Journal of Astrobiology, the duo found their answer to be at odds with conventional theory.

Gravitational resonances

Movies such as Armageddon and Deep Impact, combined with the common consensus that an asteroid strike 65 million years ago finished off the reign of the dinosaurs, has meant that the notion of asteroids hitting Earth is now part of our pop culture. These objects hail from the Asteroid Belt between Mars and Jupiter.

While most asteroids move on stable orbits around the sun, neighboring Jupiter's influence looms large and gravitational resonances between the planet and regions of the Asteroid Belt are adept at clearing out any rogue asteroids in these regions and sending them hurtling in-system. Often these rogues can originate from collisions between asteroids that send a shower of rocky chunks spinning off into these resonant zones.

"The main thing that is driving material from the Asteroid Belt into the inner solar system is the influence of something called a secular resonance," says Horner. "As things stand now in our solar system, this particular secular resonance is right at the inner edge of the asteroid belt."

In their simulations Horner and Jones played about with the mass of Jupiter, finding that the lower the planet's mass, the broader the secular resonance becomes and the more it moves into the main body of the Asteroid Belt, closer to Jupiter, leading to more asteroids being perturbed. The simulations showed that the number of asteroid impacts on Earth peaks when there is a planet in Jupiter's orbit that has a mass one-fifth that of Jupiter's mass, whereas just over half the peak rate of impacts occur when there is a planet with a mass equal to Jupiter. The impact rate falls off again at the lower extreme, when Jupiter's mass becomes too low to be able to nudge any asteroids with its gravity.

A similar result, albeit for different reasons, arises when considering the impact rate of short period comets on Earth. Currently, Jupiter's gravity is capable of throwing comets close to the Earth, as we saw with Lexell's Comet, but it is also equally adept at cleaning up its mess and removing dangerous comets from the solar system. Were Jupiter only to have one-fifth of its real mass, the balance between hurling comets towards us and then removing them would be lost; Jupiter would still be able to destabilize comets and send them our way, but it would lose the ability to remove many of them.

"If you have a low mass Jupiter, it is capable of placing things on Earth-crossing orbits but because it doesn't have a big gravitational reach, once it has put a comet on an Earth-crossing orbit the comet can remain in that orbit for a very long time before it encounters Jupiter again," says Horner.

Better the devil you know?

Jupiter's role seems confused. It definitely sends asteroids and comets our way and, in any given year, more than 90 percent of all objects crossing Earth's orbit are asteroids, so the protection Jupiter provides us from long period comets, or by eventually removing short period comets, is of lesser importance. Hence Jupiter is not the friend that it has been perceived to be. However, things could be far worse: were Jupiter to have a mere 20 percent of its mass, the impact rate would skyrocket. Obviously for any denizens on a planet in the target zone this is bad news, but in the grand scheme of things are impacts a positive or negative factor on the overall evolution of life on a planet across billions of years? When searching for potentially habitable exoplanets, should we seek to avoid systems that contain a 0.2 Jupiter-mass gas giant at a similar distance to Jupiter from the sun?

Whether impacts have been a good thing or a bad thing for the evolution of life on Earth depends on who you talk to, says Dave Waltham, Head of the Earth Sciences Department at Royal Holloway, University of London. "What you can definitely say is that they cause some mass extinctions. Lots of people argue, however, that impacts can be good because they stir thing up and stop the biosphere from becoming stuck in a rut. Certainly for human beings, we wouldn't be here if the dinosaurs hadn't been wiped out."

Impacts may only be healthy in the long run if they are not so frequent as to not give the biosphere chance to recover. Evidence in Earth's geological record suggests that it takes around ten million years following a big impact for the planet to heal, so an impact rate of one large collision every hundred million years or so, as Earth experiences, allows plenty of time between crashes for life to flourish. On the other hand if that impact rate was every few million years, the bombardment would pulverize our planet into a lifeless husk with little opportunity to develop a new biosphere.

Horner and Jones' simulations are now beginning to feed into discussions regarding habitability on planets around other stars. "In Peter Ward and Donald Brownlee's book Rare Earth, they set Jupiter up as a shield, but they didn't really demonstrate it," says Waltham, a self-confessed 'Rare Earther'. "Jonti (Jonathan Horner) and Barrie went out and tested that idea and in doing so removed one of the barriers to habitability."

Too much water?

Impacts have an additional benefit: they bring water to otherwise dry worlds. Our current understanding of how planets form is that Earth was born dry ? temperatures were so hot that its surface was molten and any resident water was driven off. So why do we now live on a world that is replete in watery oceans?

The idea is that the water was brought here by objects that crashed into Earth, which were either asteroids or comets (the current consensus is leaning towards asteroids, based upon the discovery that the isotopes of hydrogen in Earth's water do not match the isotopes of hydrogen seen in comets). One can imagine that in an environment with too few impacts Earth would have remained as dry as the moon, and so a perturbing body like Jupiter might therefore be needed to ensure there is water present for life. On the flip-side, too many impacts could easily bring too much water.

"Earth's water is ample and there is a lot more than we would expect given where Earth formed, but you could imagine a scenario where you have a hundred or a thousand times more water and there is no solid land," says Horner.

The prospects for habitability on water worlds may be surprisingly dire, adds Waltham. "Having too much water could be a problem because Earth's climate system is, to a considerable extent, controlled by the fact that we have a mix of land and sea," he says, referring to the carbon-silicate cycle, the process by which carbon and hence global warming and atmospheric temperatures are regulated. Volcanoes spew carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which helps warm the planet, and when the climate grows too warm rain levels increase and the carbon dioxide is washed out in a slightly acidic precipitation that weathers rocks on the surface, creating calcium carbonate, bicarbonate and silica that runs-off into the oceans. Here it becomes incorporated into sea-dwelling micro-organisms that die and carry the carbon down to the sea floor, where it enters subduction zones and is eventually recycled and spewed out once more from volcanoes. Without land, the silicate weathering cannot take place, causing a fatal break in the chain.

Whereas Waltham believes Earth-like planets are rare, Horner is more the optimist and recognizes that his work with Barrie Jones has removed one of the obstacles to long-term habitability and may help act as a pointer in where to search for life in the Universe. "We'll soon go from the stage of knowing no other planets like Earth to knowing hundreds of them, and people want to look for life," he says. "The problem is it is very difficult and time-consuming to search, so you'll only be able to look at one or two and you need to have some way of saying which are the best and worst prospects. I don't think it will be a clear cut 'this will be habitable, this won't be habitable', I think it will be 'this is a bit more habitable, this is a bit less habitable' and impacts are certainly one of the important factors."

From alien life to human life, impacts have a large influence. In the knowledge that Jupiter is far from being our savior and that the asteroid that finished off the dinosaurs may not merely have been one that slipped through the net, programs such as NASA's Spaceguard survey that seek out potentially hazardous objects are all the more vital. We must thank impacts for bringing water to Earth and paving the way for humans to evolve, but we must also never, ever stop watching the skies.

This story was provided by Astrobiology Magazine, a web-based publication sponsored by the NASA astrobiology program.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/villain-disguise-jupiters-role-impacts-earth-113802078.html

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Woman Wants To Replace Her Non-functioning Hand With a Bionic Prosthesis

erice writes about the case of Nicola Wilding: "Injured in crash which damaged the nerves in her arm, she has reached the limits that can what be accomplished with nerve transplants. She can move her arm but doctors have given up hope of restoring use of her hand. So she wants doctors to amputate the hand and replace it with a bionic version that does work." The doctor, Oskar C. Aszmann, first performed a similar operation last year.

Source: http://rss.slashdot.org/~r/Slashdot/slashdotScience/~3/YHEnqMePCkk/woman-wants-to-replace-her-non-functioning-hand-with-a-bionic-prosthesis

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[unable to retrieve full-text content]asics gel running Recreation and Sports Basketball. ?Linsanity? has taken over the sports headlines around the globe ? plus rightfully so. Never forward has the NBA witnessed a get off on the wrong foot nowhere? type story ...

Source: http://gi60shaee.lateststyle.org/2012/03/18/asics-gel-running-recreation-and-sports-basketball/

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Obama attends small DC fundraiser

(AP) ? President Barack Obama is holding a private fundraiser with about 20 donors who each gave $35,800 to his re-election effort.

Obama is holding the event at the upscale W Hotel near the White House. The fundraiser is closed to the media.

Proceeds from Monday's fundraiser are split between Obama's re-election campaign and the Democratic Party.

Through the end of February, Obama has raised about $300 million for his re-election campaign and the Democratic National Committee during the current election cycle. He raised more than $4 million during events in Chicago and Atlanta last Friday.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2012-03-19-Obama-Campaign/id-27b999ae54aa4ab6a2590b71632cf73e

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Critical Facts about Obesity | welcome to mimialbert.com

Plenty of people have a hard time dealing with their weight issues.

In countries like the United States, a large amount of the population is overweight. This is troubling news. It appears that the exact opposite should be occurring since there is so much information about health and fitness these days. However, just being knowledgeable about what causes obesity is not going to stop it from happening. It means that you have to actually do something positive with that information. Also, in case you?re interested, you should seriously check out the Shakeology meal replacement shake it?s excellent. Read this Shakeology review for more info.

There are plenty of people who pack on the pounds because they have a medical condition. One known everyday illness that can cause illness is hypothyroidism. This decreases the metabolism. If you have to deal with a thyroid issue, you might have other types of symptoms. This might consist of things such as sleeping long hours, headaches, cold sensitivity and drowsiness. These warning signs might exist for various reasons. But, if you have encountered any of these warning signs, you might want to ask your doctor if your thyroid could be responsible. In this case, treating your thyroid disorder would be the priority. Seeking the right treatment could help you control your weight gain.

Stress, like obesity, is an everyday occurrence in today?s world. It turns out that these two issues are often related. People who suffer a great deal of stress are often overweight. Apparently, stress affects your metabolism to the point that it makes it hard to lose weight. Additionally, stress often causes people to eat comfort foods, such as sweets and other unhealthy snacks. So, if you are subjected to stress, try to find alternative ways to enjoy life and relax. Both stress and obesity can cause bad health conditions. So, it would be smart planning to make sure that these two things do not become major players in your life.

Everyone knows that obesity is caused somewhat by not doing any exercise. But, most people still do not take the time to adjust their lifestyle. If you find beginning an exercise regimen hard, then do it gradually. Even if you just put a little walking into your day, this will be a good thing. You do more physical things in your life in addition to your gym workouts. Walking to the store instead of using the car, do a little gardening, cleaning the windows, taking the stairs and not the elevator are all things that will help get physical activity into your life. In conclusion, obesity has become an unfortunate by-product of modern life and its convenience foods and sedentary lifestyle. It?s not, however, something that anyone has to live with if they?re truly willing to make changes and stick with them. The more you know about obesity, the more you realize how deadly it can be. Before you go, remember to look at this article on a Shakeology hoax warning.

Source: http://www.mimialbert.com/critical-facts-about-obesity/

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Getting Importance To Public Relations Techniques In Start Up ...

In launch businesses, the value of public relations is frequently overlooked. It is a common mistake among many industries which explains why after running the company for a while, owners begin to realize most effective and quickest are not collecting the services they offer. In order to spend less on PR costs, then hire professional Public relations companies. The real reason for why public relations isn?t given importance during start ups would be the costs involved which can be quite high. However, instead of training you have PR group, you can easily hire outsourced Public relations agencies in order to save you resources.

To site explanations why a firm should use the great things about having the service of public relations agencies, let?s first define the purpose of it. Public relations in their definition, is the place a business can present itself towards the industry, the public along with contact its customers and suppliers. Through smart public relations strategies, a business will be able to promote itself sufficiently that will eventually ensure it is grow. This can be considered the greatest goal and outcome to have an importance on public relations.

How does public relations accomplish this goal? To start with, since a firm comes up to the public, it will likewise gain its credibility through it. Your clients? needs a company?s successes little by little, the public will quickly know and so give their trust. As this happens, the business will start to find their niche in the industry they belong and turn into known.

An additional benefit of having a good public relations technique is keeping in front of the competitors. Every so often, new developments and stories be visible on television and radio programs which may be accustomed to the benefit of the company?s PR. They could also publish press releases that discuss the company?s awareness in current events regarding industry developments and show how and what they are doing in terms of this. It?s a method of showing that the company is updated and not being left behind in terms of new advancements.

With intelligent public relations communication, news and extra press releases will probably be discussed the organization and will circulate in numerous media such as the Internet. As their name gets well-liked by every search, these products and services the business offers may also start to attract the curiosity and possible clients. This is ultimate consequence of smart public relations efforts.

Source: http://www.webdesignbox.co.za/getting-importance-to-public-relations-techniques-in-start-up-business.html

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What Makes an An online success Social video marketing ...

What Makes an An online success Social video marketing Campaign

Article by Christin Eufemia

What Makes a Successful Online Social video marketing Advertising campaign

To find out which is really an an online success social video marketing campaign, we must first define the particular allure that resulted in the beginning of the campaign. Basically, what were the first aspires along with objectives in the strategy with regards to the wanted and awaited outcomes? The resolution these kind of concerns, therefore, will feed in to the making decisions means of what need to or perhaps shouldn?t be within the online video advertising campaign.

As with every marketing strategy, the message needs to have a frequent twine, the one that works the gap along with depth of the entire marketing and advertising materials end result. This includes your online video clip, site, brochures, email campaigns, news letters as well as your business weblog.

Figuring out your audience is important in order to creating persistence in your advertising concept. You must know your own people demographic, desires, would like and also ambitions. Realizing your current viewers wants, desires along with dreams will certainly form the material you need to find around to prospects which will watch your video clip.

If the decided on online video generation organization has been doing his or her task appropriately, next all the above issues could have recently been resolved ahead of the advance of any kind of advertising substance. A fantastic video clip manufacturing business use any breakthrough course of action or perhaps a needs analysis where improvement along with imagination tend to be engendered.

In terms of video footage marketing and advertising, advancement as well as creativeness are generally motivated through a pair of essential ambitions. They?re:

A single.To get website visitors to your internet site

Two.Turn your prospective customers into paying out customers.

And this is where the actual uniformity with the message within your advertising content result is. It?s all adequately creating a spectacular movie that appeals to a huge number of individuals to your web site, in case your articles on your own website is not aimed using the communication as part of your online video, in that case your conversion rates are prone to fall effectively using your desired benefits.

Consequently in response to your problem, Do not know successful online social video marketing marketing campaign? I might declare oahu is the arranging and also setup strategy of an experienced online video generation company that makes an internet social video marketing strategy profitable. Exactly why? Since precisely how a web-based online video marketing strategy can be planned along with put in place can determine the durability and excellence of a new organizations client relationships administration technique.

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Source: http://csstips.org/2012/03/18/what-makes-an-an-online-success-social-video-marketing-campaign/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=what-makes-an-an-online-success-social-video-marketing-campaign

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Women's History Month Reading

??Monday, March 19

In Celebration of Women?s History Month

A Benefit Reading for

by

?Traci Gourdine, Anna Marie Sprowl, and Sananaa Chochezi

7 p.m., Sacramento Poetry Center, 1719 25th Street

Donations requested to benefit WEAVE (Women Escaping a Violent Environment)

? Guests are encouraged to bring poems about women to share at the Open Mic from 7-7:30 and after the features.

Co-sponsored by

?

?through a grant it has received from The James Irvine Foundation

??

Traci Gourdine?s poetry and stories have been published in numerous literary magazines, and she has been anthologized within Shepard and Thomas? Sudden Fiction Continued (Norton Publishing).? She is co-editor of Night is Gone, Day is Still Coming (Candlewick Press), an anthology of writing by young Native writers, as well as We Beg to Differ, poems by Sacramento poets against the war.? She has also co-edited the Tule Review with Luke Breit for the Sacramento Poetry Center.? Traci Gourdine is a professor of English at American River College and chairs the Creative Writing department for the California State Summer School for the Arts.? She was chair of the Sacramento poet Laureate Committee.? For ten years she facilitated writing workshops within several California state prisons.? Originally from New York, she lives in Davis, CA where she has raised two daughters.

?

Baby Got On

?

One of her legs is resting across a chair

girl teenager with the weeds setting in

she could lick your fingers

and tell you favorite stories

?

Her anonymity is easy

her straw words blow far across this city

mostly air ill-shaped with light

?

In Chicago the night bears wages

and she hunkers down

to fold as compact as nylons

careful to avoid getting torn

?

She wears other people?s hair

walks down stairs trailing dark grins

sheet of ice

pillow of razors

her blue-black eyeliner is streaming down

?

She?s learned this much

some rules are simpler than others:

?

chew words of violence then swallow hard

laugh when you fall off the curb

it can be a long train ride home don?t sleep

man is the name giver

listen

?

?Traci Gourdine

?

Sananaa Chochezi has resided in Sacramento for more than 20 years. For most of that time she has shared poetry and spoken word at countless venues including colleges and universities, K-12 educational centers, festivals and poetry features. She has been published in numerous publications including Speak, Write, Dream, an anthology of contributions from ZICA members, available on LULU.com. ZICA is a Sacramento based creative arts and literary guild with an eclectic, national membership. Chochezi also has been published in several issues of Drum Voices Revue, a publication from Southern Illinois University, Sierra College?s literary journal, and Poetry Now, a Sacramento Poetry Center publication, to name a few. When not writing and sharing poetry, Chochezi teaches public speaking and works as an editor, journalist, leadership development trainer and Myers Briggs Type Indicator practitioner. She holds a bachelor?s in journalism, a master?s in communication studies and is pursuing a doctoral degree in education.

?

Herd of elephants symphony

?

A herd of elephants stampeded

Through my living room again this morning

?

Humming a simple tune

They climbed up to the kitchen table

Devoured two bowls of oatmeal

And gulped down a tall glass of soy milk

?

They trumpeted loudly about the

Glory of a new day

Clanking the kitchen blinds

Then raced into the living room

Hopped up on the sofa

Bounced up and down

A few times and trampled

Through the toy box

Tossing puzzles

Toy cars and crayons Everywhere

?

As I timidly opened my

Bedroom door to peer at the

Wild and rowdy creatures

That had taken over my home

?

I discovered only my wide eyed

Two year old Grandson who called

Happily, Nani, you?re awake!

Wanna play match? (A game we

Used to call concentration.)

?

Truly a joyous symphony

To these grandmother ears.

Of course I do!

?

?Sananaa Chochezi

?

?

Annna Marie Sprowl has been writing and performing poetry for years. Her work ranges from the political to the domestic.? Her pieces provide both warmth and fire for the reader. Anna Marie?s poetry flows with a smooth style and grace; she fills both pages and stages with her life experiences. Never shy to self-expression, she seeks to see understanding in the eyes of her audiences. Anna Marie has performed at The Show and Underground Books, as well as at the Crocker Art Museum, The Guild Theater, and at Jazz and Poetry 2010 and 2012 with the Brubeck Institute Jazz Quintet.

?

Playing Dress Up

?

She says when she grows up she wants to be just like me

Walking around in my barely used high heeled shoes

Reciting her own lines of poetry

and it?s far too soon she?ll be breaking ground in her own Jimmy Choos

?

She wants to work where I do

But I really don?t want her to

I tell her, think bigger

See, she thinks it?s so cool to have your own cubicle

But she?s only seven years of age and at this stage

Her dreams are still under construction

?

She is sensitive just like her mother is

Wears her heart on her sleeve and I have to

constantly remind her she needs

a coat outside in the wintertime?

and the real world

Because reality can be frostbite? amplified

?

She wants to play princess in my evening dresses

I?ve worn less times than she has

Obsessed with my purses, my little diva

The epitome of a drama queen

Which has me dreading dealing

with her first broken heart

For like me when she falls, she?ll fall hard

?

Tall in stature, strong in will

Right now she still believes in Santa Claus

and in time she?ll realize some laws

are meant to be broken

?

I tell her never settle for less, always do your best

Don?t be a follower unless it?s your dream

that will lead to your destiny and it will not be

in the form?of a man

?

Don?t get me wrong,

Yes, I want grandbabies but I rather her follow

in the footsteps of our first lady

and get a college degree first

See, I?m an ordinary wife, is it too much to ask

an extraordinary life for her?

?

It?s so clich? to say

I don?t want her to make the same mistakes I did

That old ?I?m doing this for your own benefit? speech

that has been passed down from Grandma to Mom

and finally down to me

I?m not trying to live through her vicariously

?

I am just like every other mother who wants to see

her daughter grow up to be

A better, more successful woman than she

?

?Anna Marie Sprowl

?

Coming Events at SPC and Elsewhere:

?

All events are at Sacramento Poetry Center at 7:30 PM unless noted otherwise. Host name in brackets.

?

Poets Gallery [March]: Stan Fureby

?

March 17 [Bob Stanley in Carmichael][Sat.]: Jazz and Poetry with the Brubeck Institute Quintet

March 22 Literary Lectures with Judy Halebsky: Literary Traditions in West Coast Politics

March 26 [Tim Kahl]: Chad Sweeney and Catherine Daly

March 29 [Rebecca Moos and Paco Marquez]:? Friends of SPC/Volunteer Meeting 6-7 p.m.

March 29 Literary Lectures with James DenBoer ? Kenneth Rexroth:? The World Outside the Window

March 30 [Valerie Fioravanti] [Fri.]:? Stories on Stage with Rob Davidson, Max Boyd, and p joshua laskey

?

Poets Gallery [April]: Julia Connor

?

April 2 [Bob Stanley and Alexa Mergen]: Poetry from the writers at the New Folsom Prison workshop

April 5 Literary Lectures with Tim Kahl:? Surrealism and its Academic Discontents

April 9 [Linda Collins and Theresa McCourt]: Readings by poets published in the latest Tule Review

April 14 [SPC Annual Conference] [Tim]: Steve Gehrke, Kate Gale, Christina Hutchins, Michelle Bitting and Christian Kiefer. [9:00 to 4:00]

April 16 [Rebecca Moos]: A Night of Fiction with Scott Evans, Bill Pieper and David Sutton

April 19 [Mary Zeppa and Lawrence Dinkins] Poetry at the Central Library, 828 I Street, 12 noon

April 23 [Tim Kahl]: Susan Cohen and Jeanne Wagner

April 27 [Valerie Fioravanti]:? Stories on Stage with Lindsey Crittenden and Julia Jackson

April 30 [Lytton Bell and Frank Graham]: Benefit for the Sacramento Food Bank with Josh Fernandez, Rebecca Moos, Jen Jenkins, Allegra Silberstein, Trina Drotar, David Gay, and Todd Cirillo

Source: http://www.sacramentopoetrycenter.com/womens-history-month-reading-2/

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Storm warnings spare village from tornado injuries

A house is destroyed by tornado damage in Dexter, Mich. Friday, March 16, 2012. Initial estimates indicate the tornado that hit Dexter, northwest of Ann Arbor, Thursday evening was packing winds of around 135 mph, National Weather Service meteorologist Steven Freitag said Friday. (AP Photo/Detroit News, Daniel Mears) DETROIT FREE PRESS OUT; HUFFINGTON POST OUT MAGS OUT MANDATORY CREDIT

A house is destroyed by tornado damage in Dexter, Mich. Friday, March 16, 2012. Initial estimates indicate the tornado that hit Dexter, northwest of Ann Arbor, Thursday evening was packing winds of around 135 mph, National Weather Service meteorologist Steven Freitag said Friday. (AP Photo/Detroit News, Daniel Mears) DETROIT FREE PRESS OUT; HUFFINGTON POST OUT MAGS OUT MANDATORY CREDIT

Extensive tornado damage in Dexter, Mich. is seen Friday, March 16, 2012. Initial estimates indicate the tornado that hit Dexter, northwest of Ann Arbor, Thursday evening was packing winds of around 135 mph, National Weather Service meteorologist Steven Freitag said Friday. (AP Photo/Detroit News, Daniel Mears) DETROIT FREE PRESS OUT; HUFFINGTON POST OUT MAGS OUT MANDATORY CREDIT

Extensive tornado damage in Dexter, Mich. is seen Friday, March 16, 2012. Initial estimates indicate the tornado that hit Dexter, northwest of Ann Arbor, Thursday evening was packing winds of around 135 mph, National Weather Service meteorologist Steven Freitag said Friday. (AP Photo/Detroit News, Daniel Mears)

Firemen help clear debris from a yard on Noble Street in the Huron Farms area, Friday, March 16, 2012, after a tornado hit Dexter, Mich., Thursday evening. (AP Photo/AnnAbor.Com, Angela J. Cesere)

Ypsilanti resident Leo Hepner looks at the damaged garage of his friend's house on Noble Street in the Huron Farms neighborhood, Friday, March 16, 2012, after a tornado hit Dexter, Mich., on Thursday evening. (AP Photo/AnnAbor.Com, Angela J. Cesere)

(AP) ? The twister that took aim at this Michigan village unleashed winds of 135 mph and lingered on the ground for a full half-hour, plowing a path of destruction that stretched for 10 miles.

But after the tornado melted back into the clouds, townspeople emerged to a remarkable surprise: Not a single person was seriously hurt. Authorities credited storm sirens that provided more than 20 minutes of warning.

The twister damaged more than 100 homes and destroyed 13. Yet everyone emerged unscathed.

"When you look at the path and you look at the physical destruction ... it's amazing," Washtenaw County Sheriff Jerry Clayton said Friday.

Sometime after Thursday evening's tornado, Deputy Ray Yee was surveying the rubble when a solitary hand rose from debris. He reached for it and pulled out an elderly man who was shaken but able to walk.

"That's the best part," Yee said. "Every place I went to, I would have thought I would have found somebody laying there ? deceased or whatever. But, knock on wood, everybody was OK."

By midday Friday, authorities had accounted for the entire population of nearly 4,000.

"We're confident that we're not missing anybody," Fire Chief Loren Yates said.

The tornado was part of a slow-moving system that also brought large hail, heavy rain and high winds. Gusts downed power lines, sparking fires.

Two sirens went off at 5:09 p.m. Thursday. The twister touched down at 5:33 p.m., giving many families enough time to get to safety.

Jack Davidson was watching TV when he heard the sirens. He and his wife dashed to the basement.

When they emerged, they didn't see much damage at first and thought the storm had spared the area. But one glance across the street revealed a different reality: a self-serve car wash had been flattened.

"It's bad," Davidson said. "The pizza shop's bad. But the worst damage is to the car wash."

Two blocks away, the twister didn't even touch down.

"I guess we were just lucky we were in the right spot," Davidson said.

Perry Samson, an atmospheric science professor at the University of Michigan, said it's "relatively rare" to have such a powerful tornado in the state at this time of year. In January 2008, with temperatures in the 60s, tornadoes developed in southeastern Wisconsin. Temperatures topped 70 on Thursday in Michigan.

"Extra moisture and extra heat certainly contributed to the instability that we had. ... We didn't see this coming," Samson said Friday from the Ann Arbor campus, 10 miles from Dexter. "We're still scratching our heads."

Two weaker tornadoes were reported in Monroe County's Ida Township and in Lapeer County, near Columbiaville, where authorities found damage across a three-mile area. The storm ripped a two-story home from its foundation and damaged barns and vehicles.

On Friday, the buzz of chainsaws and the groan of heavy machinery filled the air in the community northwest of Ann Arbor. Families spent the day sorting through the remains of houses that had been turned into splinters.

Saundra Psujek was using a rake to clean up debris from trees that had been toppled onto her family home. At one point, she looked up to see two dozen Dexter High School football players standing in her yard.

The teens had been rallied the night before by their coach, and they soon formed a line that began passing large chunks of broken trees to a wood chipper offered by a landscaping company.

After the storm, coach Brian Baird had sent a simple text message to players: "The village needs you."

Someone else left five dozen bagels and two cases of bottled water on Psujek's doorstep.

"I'm completely overwhelmed," she said.

___

Associated Press writers Ed White, Corey Williams, David Runk, Jeff Karoub and David Aguilar contributed to this report from Detroit. Tom Krisher reported from Dexter.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-03-16-Tornado-Michigan/id-1066685f1b4546d5987ea18abd370842

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