Mechanism of General Anesthesia Involves Disrupting Brain Communication

A rapid onset of slow-oscillation brain waves has now been linked to anesthesia's comalike state


anesthesia, brain communication, anesthetics, neuroscience, brain oscilliations, brain waves, coma-like state How general anesthetic works is poorly understood. Image: Fuse/Getty

From Nature magazine

General anesthetics induce a coma-like state within seconds, allowing patients to be operated on without feeling pain or discomfort. Yet very little is known about how these drugs work. Now research published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that they change the activity of specific regions of the brain and make it difficult for the different parts to talk to each other.

Neuroscientist Laura Lewis of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge and her colleagues used microelectrodes to measure the activity of single cells and networks of neurons in the brains of three people who were about to undergo neurosurgery for epilepsy. Each patient was given a single dose of the general anesthetic propofol, and their ability to respond to auditory stimuli was used to determine when they slipped into unconsciousness.

The researchers found that loss of consciousness coincided with the rapid onset of brain waves known as slow oscillations.

?We were surprised to find that slow oscillations began so abruptly,? says Lewis. ?Their onset was sudden, and precisely timed to when patients lost consciousness.?

The oscillations started at different times in different regions of the cerebral cortex, and individual neurons became markedly less active overall, with their activity spiking at the same time as the slow oscillations in that region.

The researchers propose that the slow oscillations are making the processing of information within specialized brain regions less efficient, and preventing different parts of the brain from communicating with each other.

?The finding that they were asynchronous across the brain provides a new explanation for how slow oscillations could disturb communication between different brain areas,? says Lewis.

But Nick Franks, a biophysicist at Imperial College London who studies how anesthetics act, says that it is still not clear whether the slow oscillations actually cause loss of consciousness or are simply a consequence of it. Further work will be needed to determine whether the onset of slow oscillations is enough to induce unconsciousness.

Lewis and her colleagues say that it is possible that their participants may have different brain activity from healthy people because of their seizures and the medication that they had been taking for their epilepsy. But they think this is unlikely, because they placed the electrodes at least 2 centimeters away from the abnormal tissue causing the seizures, and because the behavioral effects were the same as those seen in healthy people.

The researchers say that their findings could lead to improved ways to monitor the effects of anesthesia, and to the development of better anesthetic drugs.

They now plan to investigate whether other general anesthetics act in the same way. ?It's very likely that this will apply to other anesthetic drugs,? says Lewis.

This article is reproduced with permission from the magazine Nature. The article was first published on November 5, 2012.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=25dab0f329c9bacf810646e97c503138

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Just Post That Query And Learn Online - Work On the Internet

Have you been struggling with that particular lesson or subject, or having difficulty in grasping that specific mathematical concept? Are you a part time worker who is attending evening schools, and doesn???t have time to spare for extra tuitions outside? Are tutoring facilities too far away and inccessible for you to travel to regularly from your home? Then help is available, at your home and at the tip of your fingers. Just go online on your personal computer and search for Homework help online or online tutoring services and you will be lost for choice at the numerous choices available, for websites on personal online tutoring services and Answers for homework and project support.

Online tutoring services avail the use of Virtual learning links and learning management systems such as Black board, Sakai or other effective systems to conduct distance teaching classes through virtual learning or otherwise. The learner or their guardians can check out the sites and references of the various links and decide upon a specific tutoring service, taking into consideration the range of subjects for which tuitions are available, fees, and the services that are on offer, like subject teaching, assignment help, or help on projects as research help or even offers to doing the whole project as a package. Most tutoring services are offered only after the payment of fees before hand, although some specific sites like text book publishers and major educational websites offer basic tutoring without charges.

Different types of tutoring modes are available, like group tutoring for more than one learner by an individual tutor, or one to one tutoring, or even peer-tutoring where students of the same strain of learning teach each other through knowledge sharing and conferencing. Tutoring can be offered by either individuals on specific subjects or by online firms that employ the best tutors with good experience and qualifications in the subjects that are offered. Teaching can be implemented by mode of queries typed in by the student and answered by the tutor on the other end, and also through a shared interface using telephones or even video media which is almost like a normal tutoring session.

Most major tutoring services have a set of permanent tutors online for most subjects, and some have tutors bidding their services by offering the best answers or solutions for questions or problems posted into the websites and letting the learner select the best solution for his particular query. A vast number of subjects from basic science and arts subjects to more specific and skill oriented subjects like Anthropology, Engineering, Philosophy, Law, Sociology, Psychology and even Religious studies are offered in the range of specialties. This kind of sites are cheaper compared to one to one tutoring services, and offer the flexibility of getting help for just specific problems instead of broad all embracing subject teaching. Students have the choice of selecting the best from the solutions that are offered in the posts, and are not stuck to a specific mode of teaching from a single individual

Studentlance is the right place to find best online help with homework. We have expert homework help online tutors with necessary tools to give you the best solutions for your homework questions. For more info, please visit us.

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Hurricane Sandy Destroys NYC Homeless LGBT Youth Drop-In Center

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All the world knows that Hurricane Sandy hit the New Jersey/New York City metro area the hardest, killing an estimated 113 people ? including over 40 people in New York City alone ? displacing hundreds of thousands, and putting millions into darkness. Then the cold came.

All the world also knows that LGBTQ kids and teens are always the hardest hit as well ? sometimes, literally ? by members of their own families. And often, sadly, if it?s not physical abuse LGBTQ kids and teens face from within their own families, it?s emotional abuse. Or, often, both.

40% of homeless teens are LGBTQ, a staggering percent, given that an estimated 3.4% of adults are LGBT. Literally, if you?re an LGBTQ teen, your chance of being on the street is ten times higher, at least.

Superstorm Sandy decimated the Ali Forney Center on the West Side of Manhattan. They describe it as ?uninhabitable.?

The Ali Forney Center?s mission ?is to protect lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning (LGBTQ) youth from the harm of homelessness, and to support them in becoming safe and independent as they move from adolescence to adulthood.?

There are few more urgent and necessary non-profits to support.

The Ali Forney Center?s?Executive Director, Carl Siciliano explains:

?

Dear Friends,

Yesterday we were finally?able to?inspect our drop-in center in Chelsea, half a block from the Hudson River. Our worst fears were realized; everything was destroyed and the space is uninhabitable. The water level went four feet high, destroying our phones, computers, refrigerator, food and supplies.

This is a terrible tragedy for the homeless LGBT youth we serve there. This space was dedicated to our most vulnerable kids, the thousands stranded on the streets without shelter, and was a place where they received food, showers, clothing, medical care, HIV testing and treatment, and mental health and substance abuse services. Basically a lifeline for LGBT?kids whose lives are in danger.

We are currently scrambling for a plan to provide care to these desperate kids while we prepare to ultimately move into a?larger space that will better meet our needs. The NYC LGBT Center has very kindly and generously offered to let us temporarily?use some of their space, and we hope to determine the viability of that on Monday.

We have been deluged with kind offers from people who wish to volunteer and donate goods. Unfortunately, we will have to provide our services in the time being in much smaller spaces that won?t accommodate volunteers or allow for much storage space. The best way people can reach out to help in this very challenging time?is by making monetary donations. Please go to our website at?www.aliforneycenter.org/hurricanesandy

It is heartbreaking to see this space come to such a sad end. For the past seven years it has been a place of refuge to?thousands of kids reeling from being thrown away by their parents for being LGBT. For many of these kids?coming to our drop-in center provided? their first encounter with a loving and affirming LGBT community. I thank all of you for your care and support in a most difficult time.

No doubt, as readers of?The New Civil Rights Movement, you?ve donated what you can to victims of Hurricane Sandy. No doubt, you?ve dropped more than a few bucks on various relief and charitable efforts throughout the year. That?s because people concerned with social justice, equality, and the common good are just likely to want to help others.

But I?m asking, if there?s any way you can help these kids, during what is arguably the worst moment in their lives ? homeless, with now no where to go, in the wake of a brutal hurricane that hit this area of the country the hardest ? well, all I can do is ask.

Please, give what you can.

You can donate to the Ali Forney Center?s Hurricane Sandy drive via their website, or send a check to:

Ali Forney Center/ATTN: Andria Ottley
224 West 35th St
Suite 1500
NY, NY 10001

Thank you.

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Source: http://thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/hurricane-sandy-destroys-nyc-homeless-lgbt-youth-drop-in-center/news/2012/11/04/52905

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The GOP war on voting: Florida, again

Posted by AzBlueMeanie:

Oh, Florida. Not again. Steve Beneen writes, Florida's voting fiasco:

Florida has been the center of many election debacles, but 2012 is proving to be truly ridiculous, even by the Sunshine State's notorious standards.

Gov. Rick Scott (R) and Republican state lawmakers deliberately "cut the days for early voting almost in half in order to make voting harder." Whereas his Republican predecessors expanded voting opportunities to accommodate long lines, Scott prefers to do nothing, even as voters have been made to wait in line, in some cases, up to five or six hours.

With the Florida Democratic Party taking the matter to court, there's at least been some progress today.

In a work-around to an early-voting crackdown law, the Miami-Dade elections headquarters will open Sunday afternoon to allow voters to request and cast absentee ballots in person.

The elections department announced the change Sunday morning, after the Florida Democratic Party filed a lawsuit in the wee hours seeking to somehow extend voting before Election Day.

A spokeswoman said the department made the decision Saturday night after seeing such long early voting lines that the last voter wasn't checked in until 1 a.m. Voters in line at 7 p.m. Saturday were allowed to vote.

And in Orange County -- Orlando and its surrounding area -- a judge extended early voting hours in response to the Democratic lawsuit. Local reports indicate that Republicans are fighting and appealing the extension, so the Orange County elections supervisor will ask voters to use a provisional ballot. [Update:?The Palm Beach elections supervisor announced Sunday morning that the county would also allow in-person absentee voting. So did two counties in the Tampa Bay area, Pinellas and Hillsborough.]

As for why Republicans would go to such lengths to prevent Florida voters from having access to their own democracy, the unfortunate truth is that the GOP has come to believe that the only way to win is to block, suppress, and obstruct voters' ability to participate.

These Tea-Publicans should do jail time for voter suppression. Oh wait -- the Democrats filed a lawsuit, but Think Progress reports that the Miami-Dade work-around may only benefit Tea-Publicans. South Florida County Extends Early Voting ? But Only In One GOP Stronghold:

Republican-affiliated election officials in Miami-Dade have effectively extended early voting from 1PM to 5PM today by allowing ?in-person? absentee voting. But this accommodation will only be available in a single location in the most Republican area of the county.

Nearly every city within 5 to 10 miles of this location ? including Hialeah, Miami Springs, Sweetwater and Miami Lakes ? has a substantial Republican voter registration advantage.

The most populous city among those is Hialeah where Republicans, powered by a large Cuban community, have an overwhelming registration advantage of nearly 20,000 voters. There will not be an opportunity for in-person absentee voting in downtown Miami or South Dade, where there are heavy concentrations of Democratic voters.

Evil bastards.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/BlogForArizona/~3/9fQhARhN3p4/the-gop-war-on-voting-florida-again.html

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Advantages of buying used cars Alberta ? TheBitBot.Com News ...

Buying a luxurious car has always been a dream; used cars turn this dream into reality. The Sales of Alberta used car makes it possible to drive your dream car from your fantasyland into the reality. The sky-high priced branded cars can now be in your garage in a very affordable cost. With the recent growth in automobile market, buying a car in a confined budget has become a herculean task, but you will never feel the same as the used cars Alberta gives the perfect solution for your growing demands.

Used cars solve most of the problems of the consumer; for one thing, we get better brands of cars and trucks in lower prices. Teenagers with a prolonged list of features for their first car can get a perfect deal in the used car sales, ensuring safety and a good resale value for the cars. They usually tend to learn driving a car after purchasing their first one, so a used car can assure safety as well as be cost effective, where their parents can easily manage to buy an extravagant car in a surprisingly inexpensive cost for their kid. For another thing, off-road vehicles require modification in one way or the other and this is always an available option in used cars, remodelling the car in desired way to suit customers? requirements in the most reasonable value is possible only with used cars. Purchasing kits for modification of new car would require a warranty and certification which would be a hindrance in the customization of cars, whereas with an old car there is no necessity of any warranty or certification making it a lot easier for the customer for modification of car.

Buying a used trucks Alberta is truly an affordable and worth the money spent on its purchase, as these vehicles when compared with the other vehicles are too cheaper and yet realistic. Buying a new truck will involve a lot of formalities and procedures, but with the Alberta used cars, the whole ownership process is simple and the vehicle will be in your hands with in a short time. ?When such a vehicle is available with so many advantages, then why to go out and search and spend more elsewhere? A used car from the Alberta will depreciate very slowly and it will require the least maintenance and services. Many will be afraid to purchase a pre owned vehicle as the repairs and maintenance will be costly than buying a new vehicle, but this is not so with the used cars Alberta. Altogether, used cars are cheap and reliable at the same time come with high maintenance and mostly are for one time use. Certainly, a fancy ride for a year or two with an affordable price would most certainly satisfied by the used car than a new car. Last but not the least driving away a used sedan will require insurance that is too less than upon the new one. With the used cars, you will never need to spend more to guard them or spend on the music system or upholsteries as the cost inclusive of all these. So isn?t it worth to buy a used one?

Red Deer Motors is strongly committed to providing our community of Customers with a unique and positive purchase experience. We have many satisfied customers for Alberta used trucks and Alberta used cars.

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Black Coffee: Beer Drinkers, Hell Raisers & Dirty Rotten Scoundrels ...

It?s time to sit back, relax and enjoy a little joe?

Welcome to another rousing edition of Black Coffee, your off-beat weekly round-up of what?s been going on in the world of money and personal finance. Here?s what caught my attention over the past week?

I hope everybody is having a great weekend. As for me, I?m getting myself ready for Tuesday?s elections. For the record, despite what you may think, this week I?m actually casting my vote for Shawn Johnson and Derek Hough on Dancing with the Stars.

Okay, let?s get right to it. I need to fill out my DWTS absentee ballot before it expires.

Blogs I?ve Been Following This Week

Monevator ? How to Stress Test Your Retirement Plan. Are you saving enough for retirement? I ran a few simulations using the very handy retirement calculator featured in the Accumulator?s article and discovered something very interesting: Unless I unexpectedly inherit a huge sum of money from a long lost rich uncle I didn?t know I had, I can forget about retiring any time soon.

Good Financial Cents ? 65 Home Business Ideas You Can Do from Your Kitchen Table. If you have absolutely no chance of ever retiring, I suggest you check out these 65 home business ideas from Jeff that you can do from the comfort of your kitchen table. I mean, what can be easier than that? I have to say though, #40 on his list left me more than a bit perplexed: tour guide. Okay. Giving tours of my kitchen table seems like a stretch but, hey, maybe there is a market out there for it.

Control Your Cash - How to Make an Effective $1200/Hour. Who knew you could make bank doing 82 miles per hour in a 55 zone? Greg did it twice last month.

Hope to Prosper ? Stocks and Other Misadventures. Says Bret: ?So, I?m looking through my portfolio and I?m wondering, who in their right mind would have purchased these stocks?? Um ? that would be you, Bret. Aye, yi, yi. Folks, check out three investment strategies Bret thought were good ideas at the time ? but really weren?t.

Millionaire Nurse Blog ? How to Have ?the Talk? with Your Kids. At first I thought this article by Dr. Dean was going to be a primer on how to warn my kids about staying away from Bret when it comes to investment advice. Rather, it?s excellent advice on teaching teens about the importance of saving for retirement. Hey, I was close.

The Way-Back Machine: Past Posts Of Mine You May Have Missed

From May 2011:

Drop the Guilt: How to Splurge Without Breaking the Bank ? While it?s important to spend less than we earn, it?s also important to enjoy life too. After all, if we can?t occasionally enjoy the fruits of our labor, what?s the point of living?

Credits and Debits

Debit: With the National Debt now $16.2 trillion, the US government has only $190 billion left until it reaches its statutory spending limit. Yes ? again. That day is expected to come in late December.

Debit:? The annual federal deficit, in inflation-adjusted constant 2005 dollars, exceeded $1 trillion only four times over the past 72 years. Those years were 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. Hmmm.

Debit: Sadly most of the debt has been wasted on dubious projects, like the $250 million stimulus grant given three years ago to electric car battery maker A123. The grant resulted in just 408 new jobs ? that?s $612,637 per position.

Debit: Of course, all that taxpayer money did little to help reduce the national unemployment rolls. It did even less for A123; last month they filed for bankruptcy.

Credit: Speaking of unemployment, after adding just 63,000 jobs per month from April to June, the economy created an average of 171,000 per month since July.

Debit: Unfortunately, 171,000 new jobs per month is still barely enough to keep up with population growth. As a result, the ?official? October unemployment rate ticked up to 7.9% ? that?s slightly higher than it was in January 2009.

Debit: As a result, President Obama will face voters on Tuesday with the highest unemployment rate of any incumbent since Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Of course, Obama fans can take solace knowing that didn?t stop FDR from getting reelected.

Debit: Then again, it can?t be good for the president when the long-term unemployment rate ? it measures the percentage of jobless folks who have been unemployed for 27 weeks or longer ? has stayed above 40% since December 2009.

Debit: Does anybody feel like they?re getting poorer? The median household income has fallen 4.9% since the president took office too. Just sayin?. And that?s before the pernicious effects of inflation, which shrinks our wallets even further.

Debit: One thing that has skyrocketed since January 2009: food stamp recipients. In fact, for every net new job created over the past 45 months (sadly, just 194,000) there have been 75 people added to the food stamp rolls ? 14.7 million in all.

Debit: Did you see this? When Obamacare?s individual mandate takes effect in 2014, taxpayers will have to fill out a new tax form that reports their personal health identification information to IRS. I know.

Credit: Finally ? After reading all this bad news, I won?t blame you if you feel like drowning your sorrows at the bar tonight. Especially since a recent study found that, on average, boozers tend to be more intelligent than their teetotaling friends.

Credit: I know what you?re thinking: Why do more-intelligent folks tend to be heavier drinkers? According to some accounts, it?s the only way smart people can deal with morons. Well ? I guess that?s one way to look at it.

By the Numbers

In America, election day is this Tuesday, which means, thankfully, the seemingly interminable dirty rotten scoundrel season is almost over.

270 Electoral votes needed to become the US President.

171 Millions of dollars raised for both US presidential candidates during the 1976 campaign.

1073 Millions of dollars raised for both US presidential candidates through October 21st for this year?s campaign.

73,000 Number of televised campaign ads aired on Las Vegas television stations during 2012 for all national, state and local political offices. That is an all-time record.

1,014,484 The number of Obama and Romney television ads placed on the airwaves nationwide in 2012.

352 Approximate number of days it would take to watch that many 30-second spots.

Sources: PBS, Statista

The Question of the Week

Other Useless News

Programming note: Unlike most blogs, I?m always open for the weekend here at Len Penzo dot Com. There?s a fresh new article waiting for you every Saturday afternoon.

Hey! If you happen to enjoy what you?re reading ? or not ? please don?t forget to:

1. Click on that ?Like? button in the sidebar to your right and become a fan of Len Penzo dot Com on Facebook!

2. Make sure you follow me on Twitter!

And last, but not least?

3. Don?t forget to subscribe to my RSS feed too! Thank you. :-)

Top 25 Referrers for October

It?s the first weekend of the month, which means it?s time once again to thank the top 25 referring websites to Len Penzo dot Com.

1. MSN: Smart Spending
2. Business Insider
3. Kiplinger
4. The Simple Dollar
5. Money Talks News
6. Everyday Money
7. Budgets Are Sexy
8. Tiger Droppings
9. Frugal Village
10. Lifehacker
11. Time Magazine: Moneyland
12. Budgeting in the Fun Stuff
13. The Quest for $85,000
14. Plutus Awards
15. Afford Anything
16. The Wall St. Examiner
17. So Over This
18. Wisebread
19. Control Your Cash
20. Kosmicki
21. Sweating the Big Stuff
22. Tip Hero
23. (tie) Financial Uproar
23. (tie) First Gen American
25. Money Help for Christians

Thank you to everyone who refers their readers to this little ol? blog! It?s much appreciated.

Letters, I Get Letters

Every week I feature the most interesting question or comment ? assuming I get one, that is. And folks who are lucky enough to have the only question in the mailbag get their letter highlighted here whether it?s interesting or not!

Crystal, from Budgeting In the Fun Stuff was wondering about this:

Everybody seems to be getting pretty angry that stores were putting out Christmas stuff before Halloween. Do you care?

It?s worse than you think, Crystal. Believe it or not, I?ve been told the holiday stuff that?s been on display since before Halloween is for next year?s Christmas.

I?m Len Penzo and I approved this message.

Source: http://lenpenzo.com/blog/id16082-black-coffee-beer-drinkers-hell-raisers-dirty-rotten-scoundrels.html

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The Best Small Business Marketing News & Blog Posts of the Week ...

This post is meant to be helpful for all levels of SEO expertise. You can also find DIYSEO posts classified by level of expertise on the following pages:


Hopefully you survived Frankenstorm, and you and your loved ones are safe and warm. Let?s ea
Our thoughts are with our East Coast neighbors impacted by Hurricane Sandy.? Hopefully you and yours are safe, warm, and with electricity.? Here are some of the best posts on SEO and marketing from around the web.? Enjoy!

Beginner SEO and Marketing

So, What is Inbound Marketing? ? This infographic from the Whole Brain Group is a succinct snapshot of the 5 steps of inbound marketing, including: ?creating compelling content, getting found by the right people, converting visitors to leads, converting leads to customers, and analyzing results.

The Somewhat Surprising State of Online Advertising [New Data] ? This article provides some insight into how consumers perceive online advertising based on a survey conducted by Adobe. ?Some of these statistics might make you cringe, but we thought the positive sentiment for social media was a good sign.

Lead Generation: 39% say offline lead gen has somewhat decreased ? The title says it all! ?A high number of marketers surveyed by Marketing Sherpa say that the importance of offline lead gen has somewhat decreased over the past 3-5 years. ?No big surprise, but some interesting anecdotes here.

Intermediate SEO, Marketing & Business Tips

Hangout on Air with ?Google+ for Business? Author Chris Brogan ? Google+ is like the giant elephant in the room for SEO, and there?s no doubt that you should add it to your online marketing presence. Chris Brogan will be leading a Google Hangout next week about improving your business Google+ presence. You can register by following the link above.

5 Killer SEO Insights from Analyzing a Billion Dollars in AdWords Spend ? Author Larry Kim shares his insights after analyzing a billion dollars in spend. He argues that ?By understanding what?s happening on the paid search side of the Google SERP, you can better understand and anticipate trends in organic search.? ?Very interesting stuff.

The Retailers Guide to Social, Local, and Mobile [Infographic] ? ?It?s a great week for infographic sharing on DIYSEO. ?This one breaks down statistics for social, local, mobile web traffic (SOLOMO) like this: ?social drives traffic, local drives action, mobile drives opportunity. ?What do you think?

Advanced SEO, Marketing & Business Links

A new tool to disavow links ? The newest addition to the Google Webmaster Tools arsenal is a new feature that allows webmasters/SEOs to disavow links. If you?ve ever been alerted of a manual spam action based on ?unnatural links?, this is a tool you definitely need. ?Google says that if you haven?t received this type of alert, you probably don?t need to use the tool.
Global Multichannel Consumer Behaviour (Research/Purchase) Analysis ? A newish post from Analytics guru Avinash Kaushik where he explores the questions: ?how do consumers access the Internet, how does purchase behavior vary across countries, how do consumers research and purchase products, and what is the role of search engines in the purchase process. ?Avinash?s blog posts are always food for thought.

Our Own Most Recent Posts!

10 Rules for Creating Quality Content ? Is content part of your small business SEO strategy? Providing fresh content is fuel for search engines and gathers inbound links. Adding value to your customers with quality resources builds loyalty and referral business. Learn more about how to create quality content that performs with 10 simple rules can give your small business the competitive edge.

Beware of Black-Hat SEO ? Your site is up but the traffic is not quite as steady as you had hoped. You?ve been learning about small business SEO and diligently working through our SEO software. But someone just told you how they?d paid to get on page 1 of Google ? what?s that about? Doesn?t the faster and easier way always sound better?!

Hope you found some useful ideas to help you in your marketing efforts!


Want to Improve Your SEO Rankings?

Source: http://blog.diyseo.com/2012/11/small-business-marketing-news-11-3-2012/

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Bullying of Academics in Higher Education: Carmen de Jong

Carmen de Jong was recruited as a professor by the University of Savoy a few years ago (2006), to lead a special unit devoted to mountain. At that time, Annecy was applying to organize the 2018 Winter Olympic?Games.

???????? ? ?

Carmen was asked to examine the question of artificial snow, but she?gave "wrong" advice (not in favour of artificial snow) in a place and in a situation were the artificial snow and other ski industries?were (and remain) very influential. Then, her unit was suppressed and?she got into a lot of trouble. Now, it is getting even worse. ? ?

?????????? ? ?

Best regards???????? ? ?

L. G. M.

I forward the following message on behalf of Carmen de Jong:

I would like to follow on the contact made via Luis Gonzalez-Mestres, a colleague from a collective for the defence of independence of research.?????????

?????????? ? ?

I am a geographer with PhD and educated in the UK, Germany and France. In 2006, I was recruited as professor at the University of Savoy in Chamberyin the domain of interdisciplinary and applied mountains sciences across three departments: Geography, Geology and Biology within the faculty of interdisciplinary mountain?science. I was employed as scientific director of the Mountain Institute to coordinate international projects on state-of-the art?mountains themes and develop applied research in close contact with?mountain stakeholders.

In connection with my recruitment I was specifically asked to tackle themes such as artificial snow. But the?moment I started to give talks, publish and organise research on artificial snow and climate change and coordinate large European projects, the trouble began.

The pressure on my university by the ski industry and local politicians to stop me from working on this theme was immense. In addition, the region was preparing the candidacy for?the Winter Olympic Games of Annecy 2018, actively supported by my?university. Although I brought in more than 4 million Euros of research funding a real witch-hunt began in order to destroy my scientific career. None of the steps taken to silence me were ever discussed or voted in any councils and I was never given a chance to?defend myself in front of any councils.????

?????????? ? ?

I was removed without evaluation or valid reason from all the European projects that I had initiated and coordinated. After I refused to bend to the pressures to resign from the direction of my CNRS mountain unit, it was closed. The managing director of the Mountain Institute was replaced by a non-specialist appointed directly by the local government of Savoy who started to define and block my research. All?my funding, my PhD and postdoc students and trainees were taken away from me. My special benefits were cut, my work accidents refused, my international collaborations blocked, my travel permissions declined, my professional mobile phone cut off (and handed over to another person in Paris) and my post opened.

Although I had limited teaching, I was suddenly asked to do a full teaching load outside my qualifications and field of competences. An offer for a prestigious?sabbatical at the University of Colorado was declined and the reasons falsified in the council meeting minutes. Everything that I have developed has been taken over by a neighboring institute. There have also been attempts to take away my office from me. In a last step to destroy me and my family (I have two children and a retired husband)?the president, who has never met me, has announced with 4 weeks delay to more or less totally cut my salary for a year referring to my teaching load 2011/2012. This action comes as a complete surprise. The university has not written to me with reference to my teaching of last year for more than a year and has never answered my letters on this?issue.???? ?????? ?

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I urgently need help. Please could you help me diffuse this information and become member of the Scifraud mailing list. ? ?

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Best regards from??????? ? ?

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Carmen de Jong

Source: http://bulliedacademics.blogspot.com/2012/11/carmen-de-jong.html

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Health and Fitness: Is kettlebell training for you? | South Lake Tahoe ...

Peace of Mind Float Spa L.L.C. is Lake Tahoe's premiere Sensory Deprivation (Float Tank) destination. We provide 2 float tanks as well as a Far Infared Sauna and an Aroma Therapy Oxygen Bar to enhance your complete flotation experience. Operated by Karin and Darin Nobriga, long time Tahoe locals. We provide the most relaxing mind and body experience in the Tahoe basin.

We're located at 290 Kingsbury Grade, Stateline, Nevada next to the Goal Post and a quarter mile from the Stateline casinos. We offer local and casino employee discounts and encourage those who haven't floated, to try the most relaxing experience of their lives.
What is Floating?
Floating is a therapeutic treatment that isolates the user from environmental stimulus, greatly reducing stress, and easing the body into a state of equilibrium. Floating is also known as flotation therapy, floating therapy, float therapy, restricted environmental stimulation therapy (or REST), and Epsom salt hydrotherapy. The flotation tank is referred to as an isolation tank, sensory deprivation chamber, float tank, floating tank, and rest tank.

The flotation tank itself is a sensory deprivation pod with 10 inch deep water warmed to 93.5 degrees and enriched with 800 pounds of Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate). The tank has an advanced filtration/purification system that operates according to regulations from the State of Nevada.

The space inside is approximately 8 feet long by 4 feet wide. Although some may be wary of feeling claustrophobic the first time they float, the tank door opens freely and you are in complete control. You can come and go as you wish. You can also float with the door open. For those who would like audio stimulation, relaxing music is available.
The experience of floating is unique. Inside the tank you?ll float effortlessly on the surface of 93.5 degree water. Floaters feel a sense of weightlessness. That weightlessness, the temperature of the water, and the dark, quiet space of the tank allow the brain to ease into a theta* brain wave state. This usually happens in the second half hour of a one hour float session. First time floaters should not expect instant results. Generally it takes more than one float to completely ?let go? and fully experience flotation.

Source: http://southtahoenow.com/nfeed/11/03/2012/health-and-fitness-kettlebell-training-you

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